The diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder call it self-mutilating behavior. I've also seen it referred to as self-injurious behavior in professional literature, and somewhat less formally (but still in a clinical/professional context) as self injury or self mutilation, or sometimes by the specific behavior, particularly for cutting, burning, hair pulling or skin picking.
I don't think that para-suicide is synonymous with self injury in a clinical setting. Para-suicide is generally reserved for suicidal gestures or failed suicide attempts, whereas self-injury includes behaviors that are intended for emotional relief, etc., and are not suicidal behaviors. To be considered para-suicide, the behavior generally has to be potentially lethal, or an attempt at a potentially lethal action, whereas the majority of self-inflicted injuries are superficial, and not life-threatening. So while para-suicide could be considered a type of self-injury in that it usually results in injury, self-injury isn't necessarily para-suicide. Also, the DMS criteria for borderline personality disorder list both suicidal behaviors and gestures, and also self-mutilating behaviors, implying that these are considered to be clinically distinct behaviors.
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